Liebeck vs Mcdonalds - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1740 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Business Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Introduction This assignment is regarding the Liebeck vs McDonalds case back in 1992. The issues involved are discussed thoroughly as well as the difference between consumer protection laws in Malaysia and also the United States where the case took place. This assignment will also discuss the implications of the case and also businesses/consumers responsibility when handling accident prone products. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Liebeck vs Mcdonalds" essay for you Create order Question 1 Major issues 1. The 180 degrees coffee caused full thickness or third degree burns to Liebeck’s skin. percent of her body suffered the third degree burns and 16 percent suffered lesser. The incident caused her to be hospitalized for eight days followed by two years of medical treatment. She lost almost 20% of her bodyweight due to the incident. After having to go through skin grafting and debridement, it would not be entirely wrong to assume that Liebeck also suffered tremendous emotional trauma especially since accident happened at the age of 79. 2. Carelessness of Liebeck in handling the coffee cup also plays a major role in the accident. It would be totally understandable if the incident happened to a kid below 5 years of age. Liebeck who has lived for 79 years at the point of accident should have known better than to rush into putting cream and sugar into the hot coffee in the car right after she bought it. The cotton sweat pants that Liebeck was wearing could indicate that she was in no hurry to go anywhere. 3. Prior to Liebeck’s lawsuit against McDonalds, there were more than 700 claims by people who have been burnt by the coffee and some reportedly suffered similar third degree burns. The documented complaints show that McDonalds chose to turn a blind eye and continued to serve their coffee at 180 degrees as they claim that it is the temperature to maintain optimum taste. Later in the case, McDonalds also argued that people generally buy the coffee on the way to work or on the way home. Hence, the coffee would have cooled to a lower temperature by the time they reach the office or home. 4. The accident did not only cause physical and emotional pain for Liebeck but she was also financially scarred as the family thought she was due about $2000 for out-of pocket expenses. This amount was hefty as she earned $5000 a year as a Sales Clerk. Her daughter who had to stay at home to look after her suffered loss of wages. 5. If McDonalds insisted to keep serving their coffee at 180 degrees to maintain the optimum taste, the least they could have done to protect their customers was to enlarge the â€Å"Caution:Contents Hot! † sign on the coffee cup. The tiny warning print is almost invisible to the naked eye. One who is hungry or particularly craving for morning coffee could have easily overlooked the miniature sign. 6. McDonalds was quick to turn down the $2000 Liebeck asked for her expenses. The family said that they were only offered $800. McDonalds clearly wanted to wash their hands off the case. When they saw an opportunity to file a lawsuit against others, they were quick to jump on it as they did with the Mccurry case in Malaysia. Question 2 In regards to this case, McDonalds should have served their coffee at a lower temperature such as between 135-160 degrees. Even though they argued that the 180 degree is the optimum temperature for their coffee, they should have realized their responsibility to serve good coffee and yet protect their customers at the same time. They should have realized this after the first accident that was reported to them and not still ignore the demand to reduce the temperature 700 cases later. As a huge franchise, McDonalds should be more sensitive towards consumer complaints as their margin of profit relies on customers’ satisfaction. If they still insist on serving the coffee that hot, they should really consider making the caution sign noticeable. A bigger, bolder and more obvious color such as red would not cost them more than the tiny caution sign they are currently using. Liebeck was 79 when the incident happened. One would assume that she would not have noticed the caution sign printed on the cup. Perhaps if the styrofoam cup had a coffee sleeve/collar, then the older generations’ mind could have processed the information that the coffee was hot and they should be careful faster. In this case, McDonalds showed no responsibility and completely disregarded their customers’ needs. If they would have listened to customers concern in regards to the temperature, they would have done the necessary to protect them. They can serve the coffee at 180 degrees (as they claim customers like it that way) and also protect them at the same time. McDonalds was not totally at fault in this case. Liebeck would have avoided the accident if she was more careful while handling the coffee. She had difficulties in opening the lid of the cup during her initial attempt. She completely disregarded her own safety by placing the cup in between her legs and tried to open the lid then. After the failed attempt, she should have waited until she had gone home for her to drink the coffee or she should have asked her grandson to do it for her. Being in shock is natural in her circumstances but she stayed in her seat for a good 3 minutes before jumping off. By then the coffee had already absorbed which led to her third degree burns. As customers and also humans, we are responsible for our own actions. Despite McDonalds ignorance towards their customers safety, accidents can be avoided if customers are vigilant. When we buy products such as hot coffee, we should be mindful and responsible. Question 3 If I had been a juror in this case, I would have voted against Liebeck. As sorry as I feel for her condition and circumstances, she should not have tried to handle the coffee in the car given her age and physical condition hen. Pity should not be an element of judgment in the court of law. I would not have let McDonalds go just like that but I would also not have voted for compensatory damages for $200,000. The compensatory damages were 100 times more than the amount that she asked for in the first place. People should be responsible for their own recklessness. If we feel that the coffee is too hot, we can always choose not to buy it rather than buying it and hurting ourselves with it. Question 4 This case was like a poster child for product related lawsuits. Negligence cases blaming product malfunction bloomed like mushrooms after rain following this case. Take Rhyne vs Kmart Corp for instance. The Rhynes were awarded an astounding 23 million for punitive damages. The amount is rather absurd considering that the fact that the Rhynes were trespassing Kmart after hours going through the garbage in the first place. Civil suits has somewhat become a trend in the United States. They live in a litigating society where filing for lawsuits is something they come across or hear on a daily basis. As bizarre as we think it sounds to award somebody 23 million for trespassing, this is not entirely the citizen’s fault. Consumers are protected by the Consumer Product Safety Act 1972 by United States Congress to protect them against unreasonable risk of injuries associated with consumer products. Section 2 of the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability distinguishes between three major types of product liability claims which are manufacturing defect, design defect and failure to warn. All of the mentioned claims can be used by consumers to file lawsuit against manufacturers even for petty injuries. It’s safe to say that manufacturers have a duty to protect consumers one way or the other. This is not only for the United States. In Europe, the Donoghue vs Stevenson [1932] AC 562 was a decision of the House of Lords that established the modern form of the tort of negligence in English and Welsh law, and in Scots law, by setting out general principles whereby one person would owe another person a duty of care. Fortunately or unfortunately, we do not live in that type of society. Product negligence lawsuits are almost unheard of in our society. In our court of law, cases that usually attract public attention usually involve crime and defamation. In Malaysia, people are less willing to bear legal fees to aid the trial that sometimes can take up to 10 years. Here in Malaysia, we are not completely protected by consumer protection acts as securely as American citizens are by their State law. The Consumer Protection Act which was enforced on 15 November 1999 is seldom relied upon by our people. Based on the Product Liability article by Shearn Delamore, Malaysians are still leaning towards common law tort of negligence. Further to that, whether a failure to warn gives rise to liability depends on the circumstances. For example, if a product exposes the consumer to a high degree of danger, a failure to warn the consumer of the danger may be negligent. On the other hand, if the danger is obvious to the consumer, then a failure to warn the consumer may not be negligent. Hence, if the Liebeck was tried in our country, she might not have been awarded the punitive damages as she was in the United States. Conclusion In conclusion, this assignment has showed us the vast difference an act or law could have on a society. Without the specific rules and regulations for consumers and lawyers to abide to, there would not be a foundation strong enough for consumers to fight on. As consumers, we are entitled to get what we have paid for and for us to be compensated if it was proven that the service or quality did not meet our expectations. Hence, our Consumer Protection Act 1999 should be strengthened so that our consumers in Malaysia would have a sturdy act to rely on. REFERENCES Journals Shearn Delamore Co. The International Comparative Legal Guide to : Product Liability 2006 Books Peter B Maggs. Recent Developments in Product Liability Law in USA. Springer Netherlands Doctoral Dissertations Ruzian Markom: Faculty of Law, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor. Enhancing Consumer Protection Law in Malaysia:A brief comment to the consumer protection bill 1999. Online Articles https://www. cljlaw. com https://www. lectlaw. com/files/leg11. htm https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Liebeck_v. _McDonalds_Restaurants https://www. cooter-ulen. com/tort_liability. htm#Coyote v. Acme https://www. aoc. state. nc. us/www/public/coa/opinions/2002/001516-1. htm

When America entered into World War II, several major...

When America entered into World War II, several major league baseball executives started a new professional league with women players. They created a new league in order to maintain baseball in the public eye while the majority of men were away. The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League was founded by Philip K. Wrigley which existed from 1943 to 1954. During the leagues history, over 600 women played ball. AAGPBL players were recruited from all over the country and Canada through the Cubs’ scouting network (Fidler, 2006). Players’ hitting, catching, fielding, throwing, and running skills were thoroughly evaluated before players were invited to regional tryouts or to sign a contract. Forty-four percent of the players were†¦show more content†¦The female apologetic suggests that female athletic involvement is tolerable as long as traditional notions of femininity are present (Pierman, 2005; Roth Basow,2004). The AAGPBL had to present femininity to th e public by wearing feminine uniforms, having charm, and code of conduct. The overall look of the uniform was intended to remind fans that they were not only watching real baseball, but real girls (Draeger, 1997). Players were issued an 11-page â€Å"Guide for All-American Girls: How to Look Better, Feel Better, Be More Popular† along with a beauty kit (Charm School). They were given instructions in putting on makeup, how to get in and out of a car gracefully, how to speak correctly, and how to make proper conversations in social settings (Fincher, 1989). Clothing guidelines were issued, as well as a 10-step suggested beauty routine for after the games. Many females were denied from being able to join the AAGPBL if they looked masculine. Back then, being labeled masculine as a female meant they did not meet the expectations of beauty. This raised the question of, whether or not the exclusion of the masculine looking athletes compromised the power statistics of the league. The answer to this question still remains unknown because it is controversial. Joining the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League brought a new opportunity for females. 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Eve Teasing Free Essays

Eve teasing Eve teasing is a euphemism used in India and sometimes Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal for public sexual harassment or molestation of women by men, with use of the word â€Å"Eve† being a reference to the biblical Eve, the first woman. It implies that the woman is in some way responsible for the behaviour of the perpetrators of this act. Considered a problem related to delinquency in youth, it is a form of sexual aggression that ranges in severity from sexually suggestive remarks, brushing in public places and catcalls to outright groping. We will write a custom essay sample on Eve Teasing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes it is referred to with a coy suggestion of innocent fun, making it appear innocuous with no resulting liability on the part of the perpetrator. Some voluntary organisations have suggested that the expression be replaced by a more appropriate term. According to them, considering the semantic roots of the term in Indian English, Eve teasing refers to the temptress nature of Eve, placing responsibility on the woman as a tease. Sexual harassment by strangers, as with any type of harassment, has been a notoriously difficult crime to prove, as perpetrators often devise ingenious ways to harass women, even though eve teasing usually occurs in public places, streets, and public transport. Some feminist writers claim that this behaviour is a kind of â€Å"little rape†. Some guidebooks to the region warn female tourists to avoid attracting the attention of these kinds of men by wearing conservative clothing. However, this harassment is reported both by Indian women and by conservatively dressed foreign women. Contents History The problem first received public and media attention in 1960s. In the following decades, more and more women started pursuing college and working independently, meaning that they were often no longer accompanied by a male escort as had been a norm in traditional society. In response, the problem grew to alarming proportions, despite this not being the case in other cultures where women go and come as they please. Soon the Indian government had to take remedial measures, both judicial and law enforcement, to curb the practice and efforts were made to sensitize the police about the issue, and police started rounding up eve teasers. The deployment of plain-clothed female police officers for the purpose has been particularly effective, other measures seen in various states were setting up of Women’s Helpline in various cities, Women Police stations, and special cells by the police. Also seen during this period was a marked rise in number women coming forward to report cases of sexual harassment due to changing public opinion against this practice. In addition, the severity of these incidences grew as well, in some cases leading to acid throwing, which in turn led to states like Tamil Nadu making it a non bailable offense. The number of women’s organization and those working for women’s rights also saw a rise, especially as this period also saw a rise in reports of bride burning. The increase in violent incidents towards women meant previously lackadaisical attitudes towards women’s rights had to be revised and supported by law. In the coming years, such organizations played a key role in lobbying for the passing of legislation designed to protect women from aggressive behaviour from strangers, including ‘The Delhi Prohibition of Eve-teasing Bill 1984’. The death of a female student, Sarika Shah, in Chennai in 1998, brought some tough laws to counter the problem in South India. After this case, there has been about half-a-dozen reports of suicide that have been attributed to pressures caused by this behaviour. In February 2009, female students from M. S. University (MSU) Vadodara assaulted four young men near the family and community sciences faculty, after they passed lewd comments on a girl student staying in SD Hall hostel. Many other cases go unreported for fear of reprisals and exposure to public shame. In some cases police let the offenders go, after public humiliation through the murga punishment. In 2008, a Delhi court ordered a 19 year old youth, after he was caught making lewd remarks to passing females, to distribute 500 handbills, detailing the consequences of indecent conduct, to youngsters outside schools and colleges. Depiction in popular culture Some depictions in Indian cinema shows mild teasing as a part of flirtatious beginnings of a courtship, along with the usual accompaniment of song and dance routines, which invariably results in the heroine submitting to the hero’s advances towards the end of the song, and young men tend to emulate he example, depicted so flawlessly on screen and which gave rise to the Roadside Romeo which even made it a film version in Roadside Romeo (2007) (Starring Saif Ali Khan). It also has been popularly depicted that when a girl is teased in this way, the hero will come and beat the guy up, such as in the Telugu films Madhumasam and Magadheera and also the Hindi film Wanted. Nowadays, this issue is also featured in Indian televis ion soaps. Legal redress Though Indian law doesn’t use the term ‘Eve Teasing’, victims usually seek recourse through Section 298 (A) and (B) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which sentences a man found guilty of making a girl or woman the target of obscene gestures, remarks, songs or recitation to a maximum jail sentence of three months. Section 292 of the IPC clearly spells out that showing pornographic or obscene pictures, books or slips to a woman or girl draws a fine of Rs. 2000 with two years of imprisonment of either description for first offenders. In the case of a repeated offence, the offender may have a fine of Rs. 000 with five years imprisonment imposed. Under Section 509 of the IPC, obscene gestures, indecent body language and acidic comments directed at any woman or girl or exhibits any such object or intrudes upon the privacy of woman carries a penalty of simple imprisonment for one year or a fine or both. The ‘National Commission for Women’ (NCW) also proposed No 9. Eve Teasing (New Legislation) 1988. The Indian Parliament is currently considering The Protection of Women against Sexual Harassment at Workplace Bill, 2010, which would add protections for female workers in most workplaces. It was passed by the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Indian Parliament) on 3 September 2012. As of September 2012, it has not been passed by the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Indian Parliament). Public response The Blank Noise Project’s intervention on Majestic bus stand, against Eve Teasing. ‘Fearless Karnataka’ or ‘Nirbhaya Karnataka’ is a coalition of many individuals and groups including ‘Alternative Law Forum’, ‘Blank Noise’, ‘Maraa’, ‘Samvada’ and ‘Vimochana’. After rise of eve teasing cases in 2000s, it organized several public awareness campaigns, including ‘Take Back the Night’, followed by another public art project titled, The Blank Noise Project, starting in Bangalore in 2003. A similar program to fight eve-teasing was also hosted in Mumbai in 2008. In Delhi, one of India’s most dangerous cities for women, the Department of Women and Child Development established a steering committee in 2009 to prepare the city for the Commonwealth Games to be held in 2010. In Mumbai, Ladies Special trains have been introduced to allow women working and studying in the city to travel without the fear of being sexually harassed, for the length of the journey at least. Given that the number of women needing to travel has doubled since 1995, there is a very strong demand for these kinds of services. Today â€Å"Ladies Special† Compartments are present in all local trains of the big cities. In other trains, ladies are advised to travel in AC Coaches as these would be free of the economically poor and socially backward men. How to cite Eve Teasing, Essay examples

Reflective Journal on Team Building and Leadership

Question: Discuss about theReflective Journal on Team Building and Leadership. Answer: Introduction Team building is a complex and time consuming. Leader in an organization plays a very important role as the management of the organization and the entire team is the responsibility of a team leader. This journal helps in reflecting the learning and relates the theories of leadership and team building so that the leader can apply it on their self. The aim of this essay is to discuss the role of leaders in an organization and the theories related to team building and leadership. The journal expresses the personal viewpoint of the author as to what type of manager or a leader that person is and what it aims to be in next five years. It addresses the personal viewpoint and the role of a manger or leader in the organization. Reflecting on the role played in the past helps in understanding the inner strengths and weaknesses and improves the communication skills and performance. This paper will reflect the role of the manager or a leader that I played in an organization. It will also reflec t on the skills that I used to build a team. It helps the person reflect from the experiences so that it can be improved in future. A person learns from its experiences. Body Leadership is a skill that an individual possesses to lead an entire team and guide them for their work to achieve the goals and targets of the organization. In a workplace, the role of the leader is to manage the employees and coordinate the work between the management team and individuals working in an organization (Daft, 2014). I was a team leader in a company named ABC private limited, which is a marketing and sales company in Australia. I had joined the company in the year 2012 as a marketing and sales person and now I hold a position of a team leader. Our team consists of eight members where each member has a role to play. The role that I play is that of handling the team, motivate them, guide them and evaluate whether the team is exhibiting good performance and is able to fulfill the organizational objectives. From the experiences, I have learned that the most important role of a leader in an organization is to help the employees improve productivity and performance of the org anization. The success of the team lies in the hands of a leader. It is hence very essential for a leader in an organization to be efficient so that he or she is able to effectively manage the team. While handling the team in marketing and sales company I learned various things that helped me develop my professional skill. According to Dyer Dyer, (2013) a leader is important at all stages of management. At lower levels, the role of a leader is to execute the plans laid by the top managers and at top level, the role of a leader is to coordinate the activities. A leader is a representative of the organization or a team. His role is to put forth the queries faced by the team to the managers and effectively solve them so that the productivity of the organization is not hampered. A leader attends the meetings, conferences on then behalf of his team and represents them in various functions and events. I have represented my team in various occasions. From the experience, I learned that it is necessary to represent the team in a positive way so that the managers are able to notice the hard work that the members put in. The role of a leader is also to coordinate the organizational goals to personal goals. The efforts of employees are integrated to accomplish the objectives of the organization (Goethals et al., 2014). From the experiences, I learned that the main role of a leader is to help the organization increase its productivity and performance by properly managing the entire team and its members. For the management of the entire team a leader is required to have various traits and skills. The most important skill for a leader in an organization is that of effective communication (Schoemaker et al., 2013). A leader is required to effectively communicate the strategies, goals and plans to its team members and managers. Communication also helps in solving the problems that the members face by properly communicating the queries to the person concerned. The leader should also have skills of motivating and inspiring its team members. This is one of the most important skills that a leader should posses. The team members should be motivated to work hard towards achievement of goals of the organization. A leader is the one that creates vision for the future and sets a path for the employees. A leader is also required to be a good decision maker in the organization. A problem can arise anytime and at any situation in an organization. Hence, it is essential for the leader to have skill to solve the problem effectively. A leader should also have a skill to make important decisions and think strategically. A leader is honest and transparent in its work that is able to display high integrity. A leader is also the one who is enthusiastic and energetic in their work (Tyssen et al., 2014). The main aim of a leader should be to build a star team and not a team of stars. According to Du et al., (2013), every individual has different professional skills and intelligence in an organization. Hence, it is the duty of a leader in an organization to acknowledge the field of expertise and specialization of each individual in a team and then divide the work accordingly. The main tool that led my team to achieve success was diversification of the work within the team on the basis of specialization. The talent and skill of each individual in the team was acknowledged and understood by the leader and the work of marketing and sales was divided accordingly. The members expert in the field of sales was given the job of handling sales operations while the ones who were effective in marketing operations were allotted that job. This strategy helped to complete the work efficiently and in short period. Due to specialization of the work, the experts were also innovative and creative in th eir operations. Hence, the organizational goals and objectives were achieved easily without much difficulty. Different organizations have different types of leaders. As opined by Johansen, (2012), there are five types of leadership styles. First, one is laissez-faire leadership style where the leader has no direct control over the team members and does not provide regular feedback for the supervision. Under the laissez-faire leadership style the team members are highly trained and professionally skilful who require very less supervision. Laissez-faire leadership style is actually a system where actually, no leader is required and the team requires no control (Goleman et al., 2013). The second type of leadership style is autocratic leadership styles where the managers make the decision without the assistance of others. Managers acts as leaders in autocratic leadership style. It is effective for the employees who require close supervision to the work. The third type of leadership style is participative leadership style where the leader plays an essential role in the supervision and management of team. Participative leadership style is also known as democratic leadership style. The leaders understand the problems of the employees and work in coordination with them. The leader and employee together work to achieve the goals and targets of the organization. Employees are also a part of decision-making process and hence are motivated to do the work (Aga et al., 2016). Another type of leadership style is transactional leadership where the leaders are given certain tasks and are judged based on performance. They are provided rewards or punishment based on their performance. Employees follow the directions of the leaders and the employees and leader together set the goals that they are to achieve. The last type of leadership style is transformational leadership style where the leaders depend on high communication skills to meet the goals. The main role of a leader is to motivate employees to enhance the productivity of the organization (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). In ABC private limited company my operations was categorized under transformational leadership style as the main role that I played as a leader was that is motivating employees and guiding them to achieve the goals, targets and enhance the productivity of the organization. The job was a target-based job where the employees are required to achieve hundred sales per month. This is the reason why transformational leadership style is preferred so that the employees are motivated to fulfill their target. The employees are also an important part of the organization and are included in decision-making process. Hence, at various times the leadership style is also categorized under democratic leadership style. From the experiences, it is understood that the autocratic or authoritative leadership style discourages production and makes the operations more complex. Hence, it is feasible and viable to follow transformation and participative leadership style. While working as a leader in ABC private limited in Australia I had faced various problems. The main problem was that of handling the team and the operations in the organization. From the experiences, I learned that a leader should be efficient in handling any situation and solve the problems without hampering the interest of any one. Reflection of the experiences helps in rectify the issues and mistakes committed in past. There were few mistakes that I had done while working as a leader. The first mistake was building too friendly nature with the team members. Because of this, the team members did not value my order. This led the productivity to decline. Realizing the mistake I became authoritative in my operation that again helped is restoring the lost productivity. The second issue was lack of motivation. The team members were not motivated. This issue was to resolve soon which was resolved by hiring a motivational speaker who could motivate workers to work hard. Due to conflictin g schedules and workloads, the team members were not being able to delegate the task on time. This hampered the productivity of the organization. Hence, the main issue was to solve the problem as soon as possible. This was solved by strategically thinking and formulating plan that could solve the issue effectively. The skills and capabilities learned from the experiences will help in managing the team more effectively in future. Upon reflection, it reflects that I need to be more enthusiastic and enhance my communication skills in order to improve my leadership skills. Concentration on these two skills is likely to promote my position from a leader to a manager. Communication plays an essential role and is an important tool where the success of the business lies. For effective team building coordination of employees and team members is very much essential. Conclusion Hence, upon reflection it can be concluded that the role that I have of a leader in marketing and sales company helps in learn a lot from my experiences. It has helped me learn that there are various leadership skills and traits that are essential to effectively manage the operations and the work. It depends on the leader to exhibit it skills in order to manage the team effectively. The team leader is responsible for managing the entire team. Team building depends on the team leader. It is essential for the leader to build a star team and not star of team members. Choosing one leadership style to handle the operations is essential for effective management of the organization. Upon reflection, I learned that following transformational and democratic leadership in marketing and sales company would help in achievement of organizational goals and targets. References Aga, D. A., Noorderhaven, N., Vallejo, B. (2016). Transformational leadership and project success: The mediating role of team-building.International Journal of Project Management,34(5), 806-818. Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013).Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A., Sen, S. (2013). The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), 155-169. Dyer, W. G., Dyer, J. H. (2013).Team building: Proven strategies for improving team performance. John Wiley Sons. Goethals, G., Allison, S., Kramer, R., Messick, D. (Eds.). (2014).Conceptions of leadership: Enduring ideas and emerging insights. Springer. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., McKee, A. (2013).Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Johansen, R. (2012).Leaders make the future: Ten new leadership skills for an uncertain world. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Schoemaker, P. J., Krupp, S., Howland, S. (2013). Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), 131-134. Tyssen, A. K., Wald, A., Spieth, P. (2014). The challenge of transactional and transformational leadership in projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(3), 365-375.

China Essays - China, Republics, , Term Papers

China China China takes 40% of the earth's population; 1,210,004,956. Chinese people are permitted to chose what they grow on their small plots, to set their own prices and to pocket their profits without paying any taxes. Free Markets, is a big world in China: it refers to designated areas in the city where farmers are allowed to sell their products directly to city consumers. The government is no longer involved in growing, distribution or price setting. The system operates on supply and demand in private marketplace. Chinese people eat, dress, look better. China has the worlds biggest population, it has a fast economy. Dum Champagne, is a Chinese millionaire. Champagne started his business by 200 US dollars, he started a womans clothes shop. He bought a used sewing machine. Clothes only came in certain colors like blue, gray, white and green, but Champagne changed all this. Women liked the colorful, stylish type of clothes he made. This great investment took thinking, and risk. He also added a restaurant he was also afraid he could fail. Champagne graduated in the class of 1966 which was called the Old Pre Class. Through 1966-19968 this young adults and younger children were sent to the other side of the country. They were left at the country side with no food. Farmers had limited land, and they only provided for so many people and if you went there you were only added to their barden. Young Chinese worked with peasants . The Chinese labor force is estimated at more that 527 million people. Unemployment and underemployment have caused labor productivity and income to de depressed, problems direcly linked to the large size and rapid growth rate of the population. In the early 1980's about one third of the population was 15 years of age or younger; this guarantees that a large number of young people will enter the labor force each year. Although about 60 percent of the labor force consists of agricultural workers, the government's job allocation program does not include rural areas, and here new labor has to be absorbed by the collective and the individual household economy. The rural family is estimated to receive three-quarters of the income from the collective economy and the remainder from sideline activities. According to the constitution of 1982, China is socialist dictatorship of the proletariat led by the Communist party and based on a united front that includes other democratic parties. In practice, The Communist party fully demonstrates national political activity. The Chinese Communist party has more than 52 million members and is the world's largest Communist party. The party held its first National Party Congress in 1921, when it had only 57 members. China has had an organized government since the establishment of the Shang Dynasty about 1726 BC, making it the one of the oldest nations on earth. Chinese people have economic freedom- economic destinies, The government used to control everything. It controlled what they bough, read, where they lived. Technology has also played a big roll in China. Computers is helping their economic power. China is a big country that keeps growing while people work. email me [emailprotected]

Human Nature, Examples from Macbeth

Human Nature, Examples from Macbeth Free Online Research Papers Life is a reality that forces individuals to choose between right and wrong. Decisions are made to have a lasting effect that decides the outcome of a person’s future. Macbeth has a great deal of trouble deciding the difference between moral and immoral decisions during his rise to power. Macbeth’s character experienced a string of questionable decisions that consequently led to his dethroning. First, Macbeth became engulfed in greed and would stop at nothing to obtain what he felt was his own. Next, he displayed disloyalty towards his friends and superiors while trying to reach his goals. Finally, Macbeth exhibited gullibility. These three traits are what ultimately led to the downfall of Macbeth, not only as a king, but also his life. Macbeth first displayed his greediness after his first conversation with the three witches. The witches spoke to Macbeth and provided him with a glimpse into the future. This small act awakened the greed that Macbeth had always possessed. Macbeth then felt he deserved to be crowned king and stopped at nothing to fulfill his goals. This is the first sign that Macbeth’s character is losing control of reality. Macbeth also exhibited greed after he honorably received the title of Thane of Cawdor. However, he was still not satisfied, and craved more power. Therefore, Macbeth plotted to kill his best friend Banquo, and his son Fleance just to further ensure his prophecy to become king. For example, in the quote, â€Å"Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, Thence to be wrenchd with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding,† Macbeth exhibits greed and jealousy. He trusts the witches’ prophecy saying Banquo’s children will become kings, thus he believes he must kill Banquo and Fleance to secure the throne. Macbeth’s greed began to cloud his mind even more when he planned the murders of Macduff’s innocent wife and children. Macbeth’s greed began controlling his life, and forced him to make rash decisions. This ultimately exposed his evil ways and he was killed because of it. Disloyalty is the second character flaw Macbeth exhibits. Macbeth displays this when he murders his king and longtime friend, Duncan. Macbeth does not comprehend his actions anymore. He felt no fear or remorse for this murder; his only concerns were his safety and well being. For instance, in Act 2, Scene 1, Macbeth says, â€Å"The bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan; for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or to hell.† In this scene, Macbeth is about to kill Duncan, which paves the way for his future disloyalties. This murder was a stepping stone for Macbeth’s future plans. Once Macbeth had murdered Duncan he underwent a transformation from a realistic, loyal commander to a fantasy living, traitor. This act drove a wedge between many people and Macbeth. These were the same people that would eventually drive him from power. Macbeth’s second act of disloyalty occurs when he murders his best friend and fellow commander Banquo. Banquo had suspicions that Macb eth’s plans were not honorable, so Macbeth became frightened. Macbeth then came to the decision to eliminate who he though was his adversary, but was really his friend. Macbeth accomplished this feat, and reached a new low point where friends and loyalty were meaningless. Finally, the third character flaw Macbeth revealed was gullibility. Macbeth allowed himself to believe the first series of premonitions the witches gave him. Macbeth felt that it was the witches who gave him this good fortune and not fate. However, Macbeth did not realize that he was already the Thane of Cawdor before he even spoke to the witches. Macbeth fully believed the witches were sources of good fortune. This causes Macbeth to lose all belief in the natural order of events, leaving him alone and friendless. Macbeth also displayed gullibility when he made himself feel invincible after the witches gave him the second series of premonitions. The three witches convinced Macbeth that a son born of a woman could not kill him. However, Macbeth would end up being killed by a son pulled from his mother’s dead womb. This exposed a loophole in the assurance the witches gave Macbeth that lead to his death. Macbeth allowed his goals and wants to control his life and this ultimately led to his downfall. Macbeth’s mind became so clouded he did not realize how greedy, disloyal and gullible he had become. His greed controlled his life and forced him to only concentrate on his desires. Macbeth’s did not understand the meaning of loyalty anymore, because he murdered his friends with no remorse. Finally, if Macbeth had a better grip on reality he would not have been taken in by the witches and lost his head. These three flaws along with other circumstances ultimately led to his downfall and death. Research Papers on Human Nature, Examples from MacbethCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBringing Democracy to AfricaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHonest Iagos Truth through Deception19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

Force Field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Force Field - Essay Example The implication is that, the teacher-librarian must be allowed to play the role of the proactive team player. Within the school environment, a school librarian promotes cooperation through constant advocacy of social modification, particularly through appreciating people and stirring their confidence in the librarian’s functions. Basically, improved student learning requires librarians who are respected and admired by both the students and the faculty. For any school, the administration’s role in the development and maintenance of strong library programs is inevitable where improving student learning is the main objective (Haycock 83-84). However, without the recognition and support of librarians and teacher-librarians, the attitude by the administration, teachers, and students changes to view librarians as sources of distress. Consequently, the school librarian will not be viewed as a crucial aspect of students’ lifelong learning. Other negative consequences include lack of staff commitment to teaching, poorly managed library services like lack of up-to-date collections, low or lack of individual student library use besides class visitation, lack of integration of information literacy instructions into the curriculum, and rare collaboration with teachers among others (Hartzell 12-13). In my opinion, collaboration between school librarians and teachers requires administration support since this allows librarians to experience role expansion allowing them to deliver supplementary and critical services like research support that identifies crucial information for use in improved administrative decisions (Haycork 27) Additionally, administration support allows librarians to support targeted students including special needs, new teachers and counsellors. This is possible only when the librarian is adaptable and flexible and when the teachers understand curriculum goals. These forces can be

Introduction to Organisations and Management Essay - 3

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Essay Example To what extent and in what specificity the businesses differ would be analysed in a critical and comparative way in the next parts of this report. Understanding the structural and design differences of the organizations. The importance of an organization’s structure is not only in defining the firm’s formal reporting relationships, procedures, authority, control and decision making process but it also works effectively as a tool of implementing strategy. The organizational structure plays an important part in defining how the work is done and by whom it is done, how managers work and also define the accountability of individuals within the organization (Hitt et. al, 2009). Various organizations can implement different forms of organizational structure in accordance to their strategic goals and objectives. The major types of structure that are widely used across most organizations can be put into 4 categories: The Functional Structure, The Divisional Structure, The Matri x Structure and the Horizontally linked structure. The functional structure groups people of similar set of skills together under a department managed by an individual having knowledge of such skills. The Divisional Structure is rather concerned with putting together a group with similar abilities required for various works or departments across the organization. The Matrix structure brings together a group of people from an already existing department to work in another function where their set of skills may be useful, besides working in their pre designated department. Under the Horizontally linked structure the organizations group its workers depending upon the activity and processes it puts in place to offer its services (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010). Putting together the understanding of the above theories of organizational structure and looking at the two organizations of the case study, a distinct difference can be seen of how both organizations are set up and working. Watson Engi ne Components looks to be working on a stricter approach of the Functional Structure whereas H&M Consulting is inclined more towards a Matrix Structure. However one can also argue that while catering to different projects with different set of skills through a networked structure it implements more than a single organizational structure to enhance its performance. This thought is also put forward by C.W. Fontaine who says that often organizations with tens of thousands of people, implement different organizational structures to benefit different parts of the organization. (Fontaine, 2007) The criticality of such structural differences It is not only important to understand what differences lie between two organizations, but is also important to fully evaluate why such difference exist and what are the resulting effects on both. In the case of Watson Engine Components, the impact of being formed as a family business has probably played a decisive role in setting the organization stru cture and working policies. More so the business operates within a single type of production and engages a substantial level of blue-collar workers who are highly unionised. These issues probably have not escalated in a single day but working over a period of time under a certain structure has definitely made the organization heavily hierarchical. This coupled with lack of communication between employers and

The Writing Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Writing Process - Essay Example Thus, the individual’s critical analysis skills are polished as a writer. The more educated and experienced the writer, the more mature, decent, organized, and sensible the writing. Individuals do a variety of forms of writing in their everyday life. As they write more, they learn more. These forms of writing include but are not limited to essays, letters, applications, academic papers, research papers, stories, and dissertations. What an individual writes fundamentally depends upon what motivates him/her to write. The motivation behind writing poetry may be hobby. Motivation behind writing a letter or an application may be an urgent need. Motivation behind writing an essay may be passing the exam. Likewise, stories are often written to be published in the newspapers or magazines as this happens to be a source of income for some writers. Different people like and dislike different things about writing, though certain things can be commonly included in either of the two categories. Things that people like about writing is that they can own a thing that they produced in a very short span of time, writing provides people with a way to express themselves freely, and writing saves memories one has at a particular point in time. The ability of writing to express thoughts makes it a form of art. Writing often gets boring when it is imposed upon an individual as a compulsory task. The mere fact that they have to write rather than they can opt to write makes writing essays difficult and boring for the students when they are given this task as a homework. Some things that people commonly dislike about writing is that it can be very biased and manipulative, and that the type of language used in the writing has to be adjusted according to the genre of the writing; language used in an official document is very different from tha t used in poetry. There are certain rules and principles that have to be respected and followed while writing

Indias Handicraft Industry: Overview and Analysis

Indias Handicraft Industry: Overview and Analysis The industry chosen is the handicraft industry and the reasons for selecting the same are as follow: Indias art and craftsmanship is considered to be the best in the world. Abundant skilled labour in the industry (approximately 41 lakhs).   Raw materials for most arts and crafts are available locally. Possess a variety of crafts ranging from art metal ware to bamboo and jute products. Wave of oriental fashion Huge potential with large retail chains Tourism being seen as a vehicle of growth Owing to lack of or inadequate data and information on world production and import of handicrafts, it is difficult to make an exact assessment of the size of the global market for handicrafts. Handicrafts accounting for the world imports consist of both genuine handmade handicrafts and similar machine made substitutes. The handicrafts sector is dominated by the imports of works of art, carpets and wood wares followed by basket wares, embroidery and the base metal decorative articles. The Handicrafts sector is one of the star performers among the thrust products identified by the Government of India for export promotion and growth. As a result, exemption is given on sales tax and incentives are given on power connection etc. The business is to be located in Rajasthan. Business Opportunities in Rajasthan Rajasthan is the most preferred State for investments in certain sectors. Easy availability of raw resources and skilled labour, makes it the natural choice for handicraft based industries. Tourism is a thriving and vibrant industry in Rajasthan. The State attracts one third of the tourists coming into India. The flourishing tourism industry helps the development of handicraft industry simultaneously because of the variety and quality of products and the demand in the international and domestic market. This location has been selected due to the following reasons: Availability of raw materials and skilled labor in Rajasthan Land is cheap Water not required for manufacturing process. Abu road is an industrial area and is located close to Mount Abu which is a famous tourist destination Heavy influx of tourists every year at Mount Abu Has a lake called Nakki Lake which can fulfill the minimal water  requirements Elements of the marketing strategy The target market: The company plans to reach the middle class and the upper middle class of the society. Market segmentation: After identifying the target market the company will be manufacturing and developing products that appeal to that section of market. Mass production: The company will have a single marketing plan to mass-produce the products at the plant located in Rajasthan. The four Ps of marketing mix includes product, price, promotion and place. The following shows how the company is planning to use the marketing mix to promote and sell the products. a. Product mix Variety: There will be a lot of variety in the products in terms of design, colour etc. There will be items like bracelets, anklets, necklaces, rings etc. from which anything can be selected by the customer according to his or her choice or need. Quality: The quality of the products will be superior and of international standards as the company will also be exporting them. Design: There will be a variety of designs in each category of jewellery. Sizes: The products will be available in different sizes and shapes as per the specification of the clients and also according to the demand. Features: Guaranteed and unbreakable beads and stones of different colours, different sizes and shapes for all occasions and for all age groups will be one of the companys USPs. Brand name: The brand name of our company is Fine Jewels collection Packaging: The jewellery will be given in small velvet pouches with the brand name on it. This will be given in case of rings, bracelets etc. In case of necklaces and in case of big items, velvet boxes will be given. Services: Services like after sales services will be provided to the clients and if there is any defect or fault in the product it would be repaired or replaced free of cost. b. Price mix List price: The prices of are products will be given on the list .i.e. is when they are sold directly to the retail outlet they are priced according to the list price. Discounts: Special cash discounts will be given to our clients and also discounts for bulk purchases to retailers. Payments: Cheque, credit cards as well as cash payment will be the accepted modes of payment. Credit cards will be useful in case of international transactions. Credit terms: Credit facility of 15 days will be given on purchases only to our retailers. c. Promotion mix Advertising: Product advertisements will be given in local newspapers, distribution of pamphlets and through word-of-mouth awareness. Advertisements will also be given on radio but after one or two years. Sales focus: Sales focus will be on all age groups and towards the middle class and the upper middle class of the society. Direct market: Some of the products will directly be sold to the market. Our main outlets will be in Mumbai and Rajasthan. d. Place mix Channels: The different channels which will be used by the company are retail outlets and through different distributors and also by export. The products will also be displayed in exhibitions. Coverage: The coverage area would be mainly exporting outside India to different countries, as well as Mumbai and Rajasthan. Location: The location will be two outlets in Mumbai, one outlet in Rajasthan. And others will be exported to different countries. Handicrafts are exported to more than 100 countries. There is a great gap between demand and supply in countries like USA, Singapore and Malaysia. Hence, there is always a need for new entrants to fill this gap. The reasons for the outlet at Mumbai are as follows: Mumbai is the fashion capital of India. The target market for our product is the upper middle class and middle class. Products are designed keeping the target customer in mind. Mumbai has the highest number of shoppers in India Competitor Analysis Competition is generally from developing nations like Indonesia and China. The major competition is from Far Eastern countries. In such countries, competitors generally resort to mass producing goods in order to cut costs. Countries like China also resort to dumping of cheap goods into economies. This leads to serious losses for Indian small scale industries are such cheap mass-market goods eat into the still dormant domestic market of handicrafts in India. There are also issues like use of child labour in India and strict labour laws abroad which might restrict exports to some countries. However, Fine Jewels will ensure theses things are considered before going into production. Organisation Structure The business as mentioned earlier will have six partners. The structure will be a flat one. They will be equal partners who will bring in the capital necessary for the starting of business. The financial projections are already given above regarding the use of the initial capital. The partners will look and run the business in equal measure. Financial Projections Amount of Capital Required The initial investment of the firm is proposed to be Rs. 22 lacs. The company being involved in the handicraft products has no investment to make in plant and machinery.   Generation of Capital The required capital is being partly brought in by six partners and partly being arranged from the bank. The partners contribution is Rs 2,00,000 each that is in all RS. 12,00,000 are brought by the partners. The remaining 10,00,000 is taken from the bank as Working Capital loan. Utilization of Capital The capital will be utilized in the following ways: Investment in Land Building admeasuring 1200 Sq ft (3040) is Rs 11,00,000/- Investment in Furniture Fixture Rs 2,00,000/- Tools Equipments Rs 5,000/- Working Capital Rs 8,95,000/- Finance Charges Interest will be paid at the rate of 10% p.a., to the bank, i.e. 1,00,000 p.a., as finance charges. No interest is given to the partners for their capital investment in the Company. Since we produce 1660 units per month we can achieve Break Even Point in 8.33 month (1660 x 8.33 = 13831 units). This is because by that time we will have reached the necessary target of production for the break even Key Workers: Affordable Housing Challenges Key Workers: Affordable Housing Challenges Abstract Affordable housing in London is an issue which affects many individuals and the problem of affordable housing in London is particularly of concern to poorer sectors within London and those in low paid employment (Greater London Authority (2005) 1) (Pacione, M. (1997) 8) and (Greater London Authority (2006) 1). This is a situation which remains unchanged by the fact that there are schemes in place which purport to ameliorate the problems relating to affordable housing experienced by many people living and working in London (Rugg, R. (1999) 19-20). Schemes such as the Key Worker Living scheme which is administered through the offices of the Deputy Prime Minister, the Teachers Housing Association Scheme and London Strategic Housing have been targeted specifically at key workers who experience housing needs in London. However, although the government have made many housing provisions for London based key workers, the problem remains that these provisions arguably do not extend far enough . Specifically, it may be argued that the definition of what a key worker is is perhaps too narrow. It may also be argued that those who fall outside the definition of key worker, but nevertheless experience housing problems are being let down by the government, principally because many of them simply do not qualify for the schemes which have been mentioned above. These arguments will be put forward and evaluated in this paper. The paper will also consider the definition of what a key worker is and how it may not be an adequate definition, given that it is arguably not wide enough. The discussion on the definition of what a key worker is will lead the writer into a wider discussion of whether there is any real need to continue to have a ‘key worker requirement’ to trigger the assistance which is available to those in need of housing support within London. The paper will therefore consider wider economic, sociological and political factors in the analysis of what the gov ernment is doing to help those people who do not qualify as key workers but still cannot afford to live in London and will employ a qualitative, evaluative methodology in doing so. What is the definition of a Key Worker? It is useful to define what is meant by a key worker as this will indirectly provide an indication of the categories of people who fall outside the definition, and assist the writer in determining what the government is doing to help those people who do not qualify as key workers but still cannot afford to live in London. A key worker is a difficult concept to define, since different schemes and housing provisions have differing interpretations of what a key worker may be. Therefore, what may be a key worker within one sphere of housing provision may not be considered a key worker within another. In light of this therefore, how may one go about defining what a key worker actually is? To define the concept of a key worker requires an analysis of all the schemes open to key workers and an analysis of exactly who is eligible for the schemes and why. An extrapolation of this analysis will provide clues as to the best way to approach the problem of defining what a key worker is. Therefore the best way to approach defining what a key worker is, is to identify tenets which are present within all the various interpretations of what a key worker actually is. It is arguable that there are three main tenets which one may identify as being ‘central’ to the concept of what a key worker is. These are as follows: that the worker is employed by the public sector; that the worker is in a frontline position performing a crucial public service and that the worker is in a sector where it is difficult to recruit and retain workers (Department of Communities and Local Housing (2006) 1). Who is included within the definition? The people to whom the status of key worker is attributed to therefore must firstly be employed in the public sector dispensing essential services in a sector where there are problems with recruiting staff and retaining their services. Categorises of people who fulfil this criteria are: clinical staff employed by the NHS, for example nurses (doctors and dentists are excluded); teachers working in maintained primary and secondary educational institutions; police officers, community support officers and prison staff; uniformed staff in the fire and rescue services; probation officers and local authority employed staff (for example educational psychologists) (Department of Communities and Local Housing (2006) 1). Perhaps it is also wise to comment on which workers may not fall within the definition. These sectors may include cleaning staff and support staff within teaching institutions and within other professions. Why assistance is particularly tied to the Key Worker Sector; and What is being done to assist those who are not Key Workers? The rationale behind tying housing assistance to key workers is built upon much common sense. It is sensible to ensure that workers who provide key services are encouraged to stay within key occupations that provide useful services to the general public. Perhaps the need for such a rationale can be brought more sharply into focus by considering what may occur if essential workers were ‘priced out of the market’. A scenario like this will deplete the services which are available to the entire population within a given area and would perhaps impact hospitals and schools in particular. It is plain to see therefore why housing assistance in terms of affordable housing is targeted at these sectors which may be described as containing key workers. However, there is also an argument to be made that these provisions are not enough, and that they fail to acknowledge the wider issue which is that affordable housing affects many individuals who fall outside the definition of a key worker (http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr//2/hi/programmes/moneybox/3572353.stm >>). The reality is that the problem of affordable housing is a pervasive one, and that most low income people living in London are affected by the problem of affordable housing. However, as we have seen explained above, the definition of key worker is quite a narrow construction. Therefore professions such as cleaners and some categories of support staff typically have low incomes but do not meet the criteria which are prescribed to give them key worker housing assistance. The services which these groups provide are indeed essential; they help to support the day to day running of essential services and are therefore crucial to the lives of all of those living in London. It seems logical therefore that such individuals should be given the same levels of support that key workers are given when it comes to the issue of affordable housing. As we have seen explained above, the reality is very different, and critics of the fact that just key workers qualify for many schemes to provide housing support point to the actual need experienced by the individuals involved; not just to the wider usefulness that housing support schemes may afford the general public (which is the justification for the linkage between some housing support and just key workers). However, is it the case whereby the government simply ignore the needs of those who do not qualify for housing assistance as they are not key workers? Clearly this is not the case. The government operate housing associations and special needs facilities for those individuals who have needs due to disability or poverty. Those who are on low incomes may qualify for the new tax credits schemes and indeed for rates relief or housing benefit to help lessen the effects of the affordable housing problem. In terms of specific housing provision, non key workers may take advantage of some Social Registered Landlord Schemes[1] which include Home Exchange and Right to Acquire Schemes. Other schemes include the Seaside and Country Homes initiative which involves the allocation of homes to those considered deserving (not necessarily key workers); the Homefinder Direct scheme which is similar to the Seaside and Country Homes scheme and the LAWN project which makes homes available to ethnic minoriti es (www.cityoflondon.gov.uk). These schemes are intended to assist all those in need of housing assistance and not always just key workers. Also, on a macro and political level the government have attempted to make better use of the space which is available to build affordable housing within London. This has involved the conversions of abandoned commercial sites for use as housing sites (Greater London Authority (2005) Section 5.4). This is intended to ensure that available space within London is used sensibly to help lessen the effects of shortages in housing building sites. Clearly this will be of long term assistance to both key workers and non key workers. On a macro level another example of the government’s efforts in this area is their current emphasis on building ‘sustainable urban environments’, an emphasis which is of benefit to all of those affected by the affordable housing problem, not just those considered to be key workers. The government has also conducted many research initiatives into identifying the root causes of affordable housing problems and aiming to eliminate them. Although these initiatives only address the needs of those affected by the affordable housing problem in an indirect sense, it is clear that the government’s efforts on a macro scale (Karn, V. and Wolman, H. (1992) Ch 1) are intended to help those key workers and those non key workers who are all affected by the affordable housing problem. The problem remains however, that non key workers simply do not get the levels of support that key workers may qualify for, in spite of the fact that perhaps both sectors are equally deserving. Therefore, would the problem of affordable housing be more fairly approached by simply abolishing the requirement for workers to qualify as key workers in order to qualify for housing support within London? Another approach would be to make it easier to fall within the definition of what a key worker is. The answer to these two suggestions is that perhaps there is an argument for this to be the case, but it must be counterbalanced against the fact that resources within this area are limited. It is inevitable that there will be a deserving case to be made for many third parties who do not fall within the current definition of what a key worker is and of course, it is the case that it is desirable for all of those who are in need to receive housing support. As we have seen explained above however, there is a cogent rationale for why support is targeted at the key worker sector in particular. Key workers provide valuable services to the entire community and to neglect them would be detrimental to the levels of available services which all those resident in London often depend upon. The reality is that limited resources have to be dissipated in ways that are prescriptive and designed to exclude some categories of people. This exclusion does not point to an idea that the excluded person is undeserving; instead it points to the fact that there are limited resources which have to be expended in a frugal manner. Bibliography Articles and Reports Department of Communities and Local Housing (2006) Key Worker Eligibility. Publisher: Wandsworth Council. Place of Publication: UK. Greater London Authority (2005) Housing in London: the London Housing Strategy Evidence Base 2005. Publisher: Greater London Authority. Place of Publication: London. Greater London Authority. (2006) London Futures. Publisher: Greater London Authority. Place of Publication: London. Books Karn, V. and Wolman, H. (1992) Comparing Housing Systems: Housing Performance and Housing Policy in the United States and Britain. Publisher: Oxford University. Place of Publication: Oxford. Pacione, M. (1997) Britains Cities: Geographies of Division in Urban Britain. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Rugg, R. (1999) Young People, Housing and Social Policy. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Websites http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr/-/2/hi/programmes/moneybox/3572353.stm http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/our_services/residents_housing/housing_services/housing_advice_options/council_tenant/ct_fresh_start.htm 1 Footnotes [1] Also known as SRL schemes.

Hattin: Trapping a Victory :: European Europe History

Hattin: Trapping a Victory On June 26, 1187, the Muslim Sultan Saladin crossed the river Jordan with 20,000 of his followers - an army consisting of roughly 12,000 light horsemen and a number of footmen to a location south of the Sea of Galilee where he and his men encamped. They had been ravaging the nearby countryside in hopes of provoking a Christian attack, but had been unsuccessful. The Frankish Christians led by King Guy in Jerusalem had also mobilized their own army and camped at the spring at Saffuriyah . Marshall W. Baldwin says that the Franks too had an army 20,000 strong, but it was different in composition. The "Latins", as they are called, were a cavalry of 1,200 heavily armored knights, 3,500 lightly armored, mounted sergeants, several thousand foot soldiers, as well as a large number of native auxiliaries as mounted bowmen . Between the two great forces (the largest memorable, Christian gathering in years) lay an arid terrain; the hot summer sun made travel extremely difficult, especially for large numbers. One could easily expect fatigue, dehydration, and low morale when venturing to the east of Saffuriyah until reaching the Sea of Galilee. Strategists of each side knew the consequences of traveling across the region and so, "the waiting game" was played to see who would be the one to be provoked into a trap through the valleys. Although Saladin had unified large sections of the Muslim world, his army was still not a standing one. The crusaders counted on the fact that Saladin would have trouble holding his army together for a long period of time because his soldiers were not full-time warriors. Many were also tradesmen or farmers that easily disbanded when there was no action to get back home . Saladin knew his situation and continually harassed the area of Tiberias in failed attempts to provoke the Christians into leaving Saffuriyah, until he decided on July, 2 to besiege the city itself. He moved the majority of his troops to the high ground west of Tiberias. From this location, the Muslims could block entrance to the city while still accessing water supplies from the Sea of Galilee through the eastern side of the ridge. Tiberias was poorly fortified and Saladin's well - supplied forces had no trouble entering its walls. Residents of the city took refuge in the citadel, including the wife of Count Raymond of Tripoli who urgently sent west for help.

Market segmentation Essay

Market segmentation is simply a modern marketing strategy in which the market for your customers are divided in various several groups and segments based on some major key factors such as demographic, geographic, psychological and behavioural factors. By dividing the market, the sellers that that try to deliver good value to their customers will be able to have better understanding of their target audience and thereby make their marketing more effective. Market segmentation also helps to make the three areas of marketing which are, mass marketing, product differentiated marketing and target marketing. Market segmentation helps all these marketing types to customize their markets. Marketing segmentation cannot be complete without considering the following variables that assist it in segmenting its consumer market. Demographic segmentation The demographic segmentation divides customers into segments based on demographic values such as age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, social class and nationality. It is often used for reason that the variables are easy to identify and measure. Age and life cycle segmentation The consumer’s needs and wants change with age. Therefore some companies uses age and life cycle segmentation, where age and the life cycle determine the marketing approach. Gender segmentation Gender segmentation is used to differentiate the needs and wants between men and women due to the fact that men and women have different attitudes towards a product. The gender segmentation are applied clothing, hairstyling, and cosmetics. Income segmentation Income segmentation divides the market into different income groups. It is used in automobiles, clothing, cosmetics, financial services and travel. Generation segmentation Each generation is influenced by times in which they grow, marketers market to a generation by using icons and images that is relatable according to the  generation Social class segmentation This type divides the customers according to their preference in cars, clothing, home furnishing, leisure. Although taste changes but many company design products for specific social classes. Geographic segmentation It divides customers into segments based on geographical areas such as nation, states, regions, countries. Psychographic segmentation This is derived from two principal types of customers: personality profiles and lifestyle profiles. Behavioural segmentation It is based on customer’s attitude toward, use of, or response to a product and they are divided further into various variables like occasion, benefits, user status, usage rate, buyer-readiness stage, loyalty status and attitude. 2) ADVANTAGES OF ADOPTING MARKET SEGMENTATION The use of market segmentation and why it will perform better than a business that does not adopt it are listed as follows: It will help a firm to be able to separate its customers and be able to reach profitable customers in supplying value and better customer’s relationship which in return will bring profitable value back to the firm. It will be able to help a firm to be knowledgeable on the type of product and market needed to produce for its customers. It will enhance the market structure of a firm in helping it locate new market and new profitable product for its firm. Smart enterprises use segmentation to continually monitor, quantify, and qualify the changing customers, in part to stay ahead of the competition. Segmentation data provides organizations with information to develop timely goods and services that profitably serve customers.

Paranormal Activity Essays

Paranormal Activity Essays Paranormal Activity Paper Paranormal Activity Paper Paranormal Activity: Analysis and Critique Rick Mitchell September 12, 2011 ENG 225: Introduction to Film Instructor: Alene Morrison Paranormal Activity was a movie that everyone wanted to see as soon as the previews hit the movie screen. The previews showed the viewer small pieces of the movie so they would be left wondering and want to go see the movie as soon as they could. Paranormal Activity was based on a true story about a young couple dealing with a paranormal entity. The young woman,Katie, was the one being haunted while her boyfriend, Micah, made home videos of all the mysterious things that were happening in the house. The different camera angles, cinematography, editing and the way the story unfolds in front of the audience are the things that make this movie so captive. Storytelling A film will have more success if it starts with a good story. (Goodykoontz, 2011) Paranormal Activity is a film that not only starts with a good story but keeps that story going through the entire movie. The story being told in a film is what draws the attention of the audience. It evokes emotion in the audience and makes them care about the story, watching to know how it ends, and it makes them care about the characters. In Paranormal Activity, the audience gets attached to the couple hoping that they rid their lives of this entity and â€Å"live happily ever after†. In the end the boyfriend, Micah, dies and the girlfriend vanishes without a trace. It leaves everyone wondering what happened to her and at the same time they are saddened by the death of Micah. But as the nights pass, the events In the house become much more harrowing, and the deliberately paced Paranormal Activity takes us along for a grueling experience with every breath. Mica Is first amused by the proceedings and gradually comes to the realization that this benevolent force will be the death of the two and no one can help them. Every day theres a wash of relief over the couple, and even If the audience feels safer, they will dread the night. Every Introduction of nighttime footage In the master bed room brings with It a sense of sheer terror of what will unfold ever so slowly. Theres nary an explanation of whom or what Is terrorizing this couple, and theres barely any hint to what Is bringing terror to this household. Claw prints appear along the floors, recollections of a childhood fire Katie experienced Is constantly alluded to, and the night welcomes a force of evil that makes every passing moment an experience that will leave you covering your eyes. We never get full glimpse of the force wreaking havoc on the couple, thus we leave the film feeling a sense of Incompletion and discomfort as It ends on a twisted and rather disappointing note, but suffice It to say, If you think horror movies cant scare you, If you think modern horror has nothing more to offer, try slating through Paranormal Activity and then thank the filmmakers for changing your mind. Paranormal Activity has become a slightly controversial independent film by wonderfully with incredible performances from its duo and utterly incredible special torture, and pain feels genuine. Mica and Katie have moved in together, and Katie is ere has apparently followed her everywhere, including to this new house, and the apparition that resides with them seems to have a fond interest in Katie. Her {text:soft-page-break} vain and selfish boyfriend Mica is a man who seeks to Skates pleas to respect the paranormal presence and refrain from taunting it. But as the nights pass, the events in the house become much more harrowing, and the every breath. Mica is first amused by the proceedings and gradually comes to the help them. Every day theres a wash of relief over the couple, and even if the audience feels safer, they will dread the night. Every introduction of nighttime footage in the master bed room brings with it a sense of sheer terror of what will unfold ever so slowly. Theres nary an explanation of whom or what is terrorizing this couple, and theres barely any hint to what is bringing terror to this household. Claw prints appear along the floors, recollections of a childhood fire Katie experienced is feeling a sense of incompletion and discomfort as it ends on a twisted and rather disappointing note, but suffice it to say, if you think horror movies cant scare you, if you think modern horror has nothing more to offer, try sitting through Paranormal

Word Choice Which vs. Witch - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Which vs. Witch - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Which vs. Witch There are up to a million words in the English language. We probably shouldn’t be surprised, then, that some of these words sound similar to one another, such as â€Å"which† and â€Å"witch.† But although â€Å"which† and â€Å"witch† sound alike, they have very different meanings. So to avoid errors in your written work, check out our guide below on how they should be used! Which (Relative Pronoun and Asking Questions) In American English, â€Å"which† is mainly used when introducing a non-restrictive relative clause. This is a clause given after a comma to add extra information about something. For example: I’m going to the see the movie, which my brother directed. Here, â€Å"which† introduces a clause that provides extra information about the movie (i.e., that my brother directed it). Be careful only to use â€Å"which† with non-restrictive clauses, as â€Å"that† is typically used for restrictive clauses (i.e., clauses that help identify something) in American English. Another use of â€Å"which† is to ask questions. In particular, we use it to ask for information that specifies one or more people or things from a group or collection. For instance: Which movie are you going to see today? In this case, we’re asking which among all of the movies currently showing someone is going to see. Witch (Woman with Magic Powers) Traditionally, a â€Å"witch† was a woman thought to have magic powers. The standard image we have of a witch these days, for instance, is an evil old woman with a pointy hat and a broomstick: My daughter dressed up as a witch for trick-or-treating last year. Most people don’t believe in â€Å"evil† witches anymore. However, there are some who follow the Wicca religion who refer to themselves as â€Å"witches.† They don’t all wear pointy hats, though. Please refrain from Salem-like panic if there is a Wiccan in your neighborhood. Which or Witch? These words are very different in practice, so it is important not to mix them up! One way to tell them apart is to think of â€Å"which† as a question word. This can help because it starts with â€Å"wh-,† just like other words we use to ask questions, such as â€Å"what,† â€Å"why† and â€Å"where.† Even if you are introducing a relative clause, this technique can still remind you which word is correct. â€Å"Witch,† meanwhile, typically refers to a female magic user. Remember: Which = Relative pronoun or asking questions Witch = Woman with magic powers

2nd Catcher in the Rye ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2nd Catcher in the Rye ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example He claimed he had a true love for his younger brother Allie, who died, but uses the story of Allie’s baseball glove for a fellow student he himself has already recognized to be shallow and uncaring and self absorbed. When Stradlater rejected the paper about the glove, what other response was Holden expecting? A memory so sacred as that would not have been wasted on someone like Stradlater. Secondly, when Holden returns home and meets up with his sister Phoebe, he jumps in the closet and allows her to take the blame for smoking from their parents. Is this the way you treat someone you have respect for? I don’t think so. Holden seems to have regard for certain people when it’s convenient for him to do so, but the moment he is expected to put any part of himself on the line, he backs away, and immediately finds something at fault about the other person. This is not only the behavior of someone who is inconsiderate, but someone who is willingly immature; and I say wi llingly, because he clearly admits to being a liar and fabricator early on in the novel, so he knows his behavior is inappropriate, but he simply doesn’t care. I understand that Holden was living in a time of social change, but so was everyone else. The thing that sets Holden apart from the others is that he refused to allow anyone to help him grow up. Once you grow up, you can no longer make excuses for bad behavior, or alienate yourself from society because there are rules to follow. Holden Caulfield, as poetically as he may be on paper, in life, is an inconsiderate brat. Answer: I’m angry and frustrated at all of the phony people around me who think that they are so much better and superior to others, and feel that they can get away with anything. I hate that fact that having money and material goods somehow makes you someone important in this world, and gives you the right to step on

Business simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business simulation - Essay Example As such, it is important to involve them in fun activities and make them introduce themselves to one another so that they can break the ice (Dyer & Dyer, 2013). Secondly, I would ensure that each team member develops a common understanding of the various job roles within the new team (Bendaly & Bendaly, 2012). Each team member should be aware of what another member of the team is responsible for (Franz, 2012). Therefore, as everyone thrives to work to their highest standard possible, they should also help their team mates in the same, strengthening the ream spirit of working together (Kayes, 2004). A final strategy of improving the efficiency of the newly formed team would be to set the team goals and create a plan of how to achieve them. I would also conduct regular progress reviews to identify the achieved goals and clarify the responsibilities of each team member towards achieving the set goals (Ditullio, 2010). Having carried out the business simulation, I have gained a lot of experience in the business fields of marketing, strategy, team effectiveness and finance. As such, I believe I can highly contribute to a business team and work effectively towards achieving the set goals and objectives (Lussier & Achuna, 2010). The understanding of the factors that make a business successful makes me a potential team player in your business, and I can add value to it (Cox, 1997). Through the tough work and harsh conditions involved in the business simulation, it is evident that being decisive is a key element towards the success of business (Tracy, 2002). There are times when one is faced with situations in which they have to make prompt decisions that affect the business. These decisions can lead to either success or failure, but they have to be made. It is better to have a wrong decision than a delayed one (Skrabec & Benedict, 2003). The decisiveness of an individual in a business, especially in the

Analyzing Orwell's1984 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyzing Orwell's1984 - Essay Example This allusion to the wiping out of memories is symbolic of a process of erasing memories, by which actually the sense of self within each and every human being is erased, culture is erased (Orwell, Chapter 4). In chapter 5 of the book, one understands that the Party is in a process of destroying many words which are supposed to be useless from the language (Orwell, Chapter 5). The reason for this is spelled out by Syme, a friend of Winston, when he says, â€Å"in the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it† (Orwell, Chapter 5). Here, thoughtcrime is the act of thinking against the Party and its laws. With this kind of progression of the narrative, the author has shown that people are deprived even of their power to think, disagree and dream; people are totally dehumanized (Orwell, Chapter 5). Loss of privacy is the most important aspect of the dehumanization process. In this novel, the face of the Big Brother a nd the caption, â€Å"Big Brother is watching you† follow the people everywhere thereby depriving them of even a moment of privacy (Orwell, Chapter 1). Even the â€Å"swirl of gritty dust† that enters with Winston into his apartment building is suggestive of the helplessness of people like him to have some personal space and time (Orwell, Chapter 1). Then there is this instrument on the wall, the tele-screen, which forces all to listen to what it says, through days and nights, so that nobody is allowed even the privacy for thought (Orwell, Chapter 1). When people have such voices screaming into their eardrums constantly, they become more like listening machines. Again, a helicopter is also seen sneaking into people's lives from the sky (Orwell, Chapter 1). By depicting these three presences- the Big Brother, the tele-screen and the helicopter- Orwell has in the very first page of his novel, made the readers apprehend that they are entering a world totally mechanical, y et very familiar in terms of certain aspects of modern life. As we read on, it is also communicated that the tele-screen is a receiver as well as transmitter (Orwell, Chapter 1). It is transmitting all the visuals and sounds that the protagonist made, to the thought police (Orwell, Chapter 1). From this moment, the reader actually enters the world of absolute power where, â€Å"you had to live-did live, from habit that become instinct- in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every moment, scrutinized† (Orwell, Chapter 1). The first chapter of this novel, in this manner, strongly predicts the drama that is about to be unraveled yet keeps the reader hooked to the text and yearning to read more. Chapter 6 unfolds another horror of living in the world controlled by the Party and Big Brother- there is no sexual freedom, no freedom to love a person from the other gender (Orwell, Chapter 6). The reason behind this is explained as given in the following paragraph: The aim of the Party was not merely to prevent men and women from forming loyalties which it might not be able to control. Its real, undeclared purpose was to remove all pleasure from the sexual act. Not love so much as eroticism was the enemy, inside marriage as well as outside it. All marriages between Party members had to be approved by

Concert Report Essay Example for Free

Concert Report Essay Thesis statement: â€Å"This report will simply discuss how Ludwig van Beethoven integrated old and new musical ideas into his work, thus creating an unconventional but transcendent and influential quartet, based on the String Quartet No.9 in C, Op. 59, No.3 â€Å"Razumovsky† performed on the concert.† On 22nd Nov, Shanghai Quartet, one of the world’s foremost chamber ensembles, performed two musical works. They are Ludwig van Beethoven’s String Quartet No.9 in C, Op. 59, No.3 â€Å"Razumovsky † and Antonin Dvorak’s Piano Quintet No. 2 in A, B. 155, Op.82. In this report, I will focus on discussing Beethoven’s work. 1Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic period in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential icon for all composers. His best-known compositions include 9symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. 2The String Quartet No.9 in C, Op. 59, No.3 â€Å"Razumovsky† was written in around 1805-1806, when Beethoven was aged 35 and was at the height of his productivity. It is called the Razumovsky quartets because it is commissioned by a Russian count of that name, who was the Tzars ambassador in Vienna, a keen amateur violinist and a confirmed music lover. The quartet consists of the following four movements: 1. Andante con moto Allegro vivace (C major) 2. Andante con moto quasi allegretto (A minor) 3. Menuetto (Grazioso) (C major) 4. Allegro molto (C major) I will focus on discussing how Beethoven integrated old and new ideas into the second, third and final movements The second movement brings us to an unconventional territory. Beethoven tried something radical and that is an entire Russian movement. The exotic flavor of this movement is easy enough to hear in the augmented second intervals of the opening violin melody, the frequent pizzicato accompaniment of the cello in which as if it imitates a folk instrument such as guitar of harp and especially in the long passages of static harmony. Indeed, Beethoven is successful in conjuring up this  sense of geographical distance that the movement sounds very similar to the nationalist inspiration from decades later, by Romantic period composers like Dvorak or Borodin or Chaikovsky. But the extreme modulations and patient logic of the tonal return betray it back to its time and composer. While the second movement gives an unconventional feeling and goes for something new during that time, the third movement gestures in the opposite direction. During Beethoven’s middle period, he tended to avoid the Minuet and Trio format and try to use the robust Scherzo in his works; but here he returns to the somewhat-old-fashioned form, in a movement with a characteristic rhythmic motive in the opening seamlessly exchanged between instruments. As if to complete the ‘old-fashioned’ mode, the Trios uncomplicated dance character and rising ending melodies even bring us back to the world of early Haydn, who is a Classical Period composer. Everything in this quartet has been a surprise so far, and the last movement is no exception. It is led by a gentle coda to the third movement that ends on a question mark. But then, of all things, we are presented with the start of a traditional fugue, led off by the viola at a furious tempo. Again we have a sense of traveling between the new and the old. Fugues were by now an ancient, learned device; but Beethoven integrates this one into the most extrovert and public of moods as a display of evident virtuosity for the four soloists. What is more, as soon as the four entries have been completed, there are not any formal counterpoints and Beethoven explores instead the grandiose, symphonic modes, especially that flamboyant celebration of an enormous C-major space on all four instruments. All in all, Beethoven is so successful in integrating old musical ideas, coming from the Romantic or even the Classical period, and his new thoughts into this quartet. While I listened to it, it acts like a time machine, bringing us to travel between old and new. No wonder it is regarded as one the most transcendent quartet composed by Beethoven.